Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, is a health condition where blood clots form in the body’s deep veins, especially in the pelvis, thighs, or lower leg region. In some cases, they can also develop in the intestines, kidneys, or liver. The clot can obstruct the blood flowing through the vein entirely or partially, causing several complications. Thankfully, DVT is not a permanent disease. The following are four common methods to treat the problem.

1. Blood thinners
This is one of the most used DVT treatments. Blood thinners, or anticoagulants, do not dissolve existing blood clots but prevent them from growing. They also ensure that no new blood clots form. Doctors administer blood thinners via IV (heparin), injection (fondaparinux and enoxaparin), or even orally (dabigatran and warfarin). Usually, patients are given an injectable blood thinner first and then advised to switch to a pill. These medications may be prescribed for three months or longer. Patients must follow a doctor’s advice while using them to avoid side effects.

2. Thrombolytics
If DVT blood clots do not go away even after using blood thinners, or more clots develop, the doctor may recommend thrombolytics (also known as thrombolytic therapy). Thrombolytics are medications that dissolve the blood clots effectively; however, they put the patient at risk of internal bleeding. The drugs are usually injected into the body via an IV or catheter.

3. Compression stockings
Pain, swelling in the legs, and cramping are common symptoms of blood clots caused by DVT. Compression stockings are special socks that help relieve these symptoms. Patients are required to wear the stockings below their knees. The stockings are tight on the ankle and looser as they go further down towards the leg. It provides a massage-like effect and helps with blood circulation.

4. Blood filters
If one cannot use blood thinners for any reason, the doctor might recommend an inferior vena cava filter (IVC). The IVC is the vein that brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart. In this DVT treatment, a wiry blood filter is injected into the patient’s IVC vein (via a catheter) during surgery. Firstly, the filter does the job of purifying the blood, and secondly, it catches blood clots and prevents them from moving towards the lungs and heart. Depending on how bad the situation is, the filter may need to remain inside permanently or can be removed after some time.

It must be noted that DVT can worsen if left unattended and lead to several complications. While the disease can be triggered by genetic factors, certain unhealthy lifestyle habits can also contribute to the problem. One should exercise, eat healthy foods, and quit smoking to help lower the risk of DVT.