Gastroesophageal reflux disease, also known as GERD, is a digestive disorder where stomach acid flows upward into the food pipe, causing heartburn, chest pain, belching, bitter taste in the mouth, and other symptoms. The condition affects many people across the globe, and it can be managed using medication and lifestyle changes. This article discusses five of the most common risk factors that increase one’s chances of getting affected by GERD.

1. Malfunctioning of the LES
One of the most common causes of GERD is the malfunctioning of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES is a set of muscles that acts as a doorway between the esophagus and stomach. Once the food enters the stomach, the door closes, preventing the food from flowing back up. If the LES starts to malfunction, or relax, stomach contents, including stomach acid, start traveling upward into the esophagus. This leads to inflammation or burning sensation in the chest, chest pain, acidity, and other troubles. In some cases, the malfunctioning of the LES can be structural.

2. Excess body fat
Being overweight can affect a person’s health in several ways. But what many do not know is that it can also increase the risk of GERD. Excess body fat increases the pressure on the internal organs, including the abdomen, causing stomach acids to enter the esophagus and worsen the symptoms. More research is required to understand the link between GERD and body weight.

3. Pregnancy
During pregnancy, there are significant hormone fluctuations in the body. These fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone can cause the LES to become relaxed. Not to mention, the growing fetus causes increased pressure on the organs in the body. These two factors often lead to GERD in pregnant women. In fact, GERD, heartburn, and acid reflux are common symptoms during pregnancy.

4. Certain medications
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used to treat accompanying health conditions like heart disease, can also lead to GERD. They cause heartburn, acid reflux, and other symptoms by loosening or weakening the LES. Those already suffering from the disease may observe worsening symptoms. Other medications that can cause GERD include calcium channel blockers, anticholinergics, and antibiotics.

5. Smoking
We are aware that smoking has adverse effects on the body. The habit can also lead to GERD by decreasing the amount of saliva produced in the mouth and causing the stomach to digest food slowly. Moreover, smoking can cause the LES to relax and increase the amount of acid produced in the stomach, leading to GERD.

Besides these, impaired nerve functions, mobility troubles, and even certain foods can act as risk factors for GERD. It is essential to recognize the symptoms on time and get diagnosed as early as possible for effective treatment.